In the Soviet period in Russia (1920-1933) artists , as well as the will to break with the past , traditionalism and the academy were looking for new styles and connotations that do not belong to the European School . The wave of innovative and destructive of the Futurist movement gave birth to the avant-garde designed to revolutionize the field of arts and architecture. In keeping with Cubism , Dadaism , Surrealism - European movements fees , born Constructivism and Suprematism , whose leading exponents in architecture were respectively Malevich and Tatlin . According to the poetics of Kazimir Malevich Severinovič , according to the manifesto drawn up in 1915 in collaboration with the poet Vladimir Mayakovsky , the creative act responds to an original impulse of man , which is upstream of mere utility . As in painting must look for this momentum out of the representation , so in the field of architecture and design , it is independent from the practical purpose : the fly , running , sitting down to Malevich are "above the plastic sensations that stimulate the creation of " objects of use "correspondents as well as defining the essential aspects ."
So clear distinction between practical activity and artistic creation ; supremacy of pure feeling on art in the service of an idea or purpose. Vladimir Tatlin Evgrafovič over the exaltation of the political and technological , comes to prefer the tectonic architecture, architect, the engineer , the technical art . This myth of the building, the exaltation of the mechanism, the house - machine , find their emblem in that Tatlin's Monument to the Third International, conceived in 1919. It was to consist of three huge crystal environments : a cube, a pyramid and a cylinder rotating with a different speed depending on the functions they were intended . The first , for meetings and conventions, would have to make a trip around itself in a year ; the environment in the form of a pyramid , intended for administrative and executive bodies , he shot in a month ; the highest combined information and propaganda , in one day.
Vladimir Tatlin - project of the building of the Soviet
A massive steel structure in the shape of spiral would support the construction of this mold clearly futurist . Mobile architecture , reaching towards the sky. The idea was taken up by Gropius in the realization of its revolving theater . And what could have been a poet remarks in front of this work, if it had been built ?
"Towers of the Babylonian city
We return to raise insuperbiti ,
and God
cities in plowed fields
demolishes
scrambling the verb "
( fragment from " The cloud in trousers " by Vladimir Mayakovsky - 1915)
(Source: R. De Fusco - History of Contemporary Art)